Drug Nutrient Depletions - References

Anti-anxiety

1. Pelton R. LaValle JB. Drugs and Their Effects on Nutrition In: The Nutritional Cost of Prescription Drugs.2nd Edition Englewood, CO: Morton Publishing Company; 2004, 58.
2. Golik A, Modai D, Averbukh Z, et al. Zinc metabolism in patients treated with captopril versus enalapril. Metabolism. 1990; 39:665-67. Abstract.

Antibiotics 

1. Albert MJ, Mathan VI, Baker SJ. Vitamin B12 synthesis by human small intestinal bacteria. Nature. 1980;283(5749):781-782.
2. Conly J, Stein K. Reduction of vitamin K2 concentrations in human liver associated with the use of broad spectrum antimicrobials. Clin Invest Med. 1994;17(6):531-539.
3. Lambie DG, Johnson RH. Drugs and folate metabolism. Drugs. 1985;30(2):145-155.
4. Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev. 1997;6(Suppl 1):S43-45.
5. Cremonini F, Di Caro S, Nista EC, et al. Meta-analysis: the effect of probiotic administration on antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Aliment Pharmacol.  

Anti-Diabetic

1. Wulffele HG, Kooy A, Lehert P, et al. Effects of short-term treatment with metformin on serum concentrations of homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Intern Med. 2003 Nov;254 (5) :455-63
2. Carpentier JL, Bury J, Luyckx A, et al. Vitamin B12 and folic acid serum levels in diabetics under various therapeutic regimens. Diabete Metab. 1976 Dec;2 (4):187-90
3. Pelton R. LaValle JB. Drugs and Their Effects on Nutrition. In: The Nutritional Cost of Prescription Drugs.2nd Edition Englewood, CO: Morton Publishing Company; 2004, 46. . 

Anti-Depressants, Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA) 

1. Pinto J, et al. Inhibition of riboflavin metabolism in rat tissues by chlorpromazine, imipramine, and amitriptyline. J Clin Invest. 1981;67(5):1500.
2. Pinto J, Huang YP, Pelliccione N, et al. Cardiac sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of chlorpromazine, imipramine and amitriptyline upon formation of flavins. Biochem Pharmacol. 1982;31(21):3495. 

Anti-Seizure

1. Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-47.
2. Van Wouwe JP. Carnitine deficiency during valproic acid treatment. Int J Nutr Res 1995; 65:211-14.
3. Lewis DP. Van Dyke DC, Willhite LA, et al. Phenytoin-folic acid interaction. Ann Pharmacother. 1995;29:726-735.
4. Pedrera JD, Canal ML, Carvajal J, et al. Influence of vitamin D administration on bone ultrasound measurements in patients on anticonvulsant therapy. Eur J Clin Invest. 2000 Oct; 30(10):895-9.
5. Hurd RW, Van Rinsvelt HA, Wilder BJ, et al. Selenium, zinc and copper changes with valproic acid: possible relation to drug side effects. Neurology 1984; 34:1393-1395.
6. Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, et al. Effect of long-term treatment with antiepileptic drugs on the vitamin status. Drug Nutr Interact. 1988; 5(4):317-43.
7. Cornelissen M, Steegers-Theunissen R, Kollee L, et al. Increased incidence of neonatal vitamin K deficiency resulting from maternal anticonvulsant therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;168:923-928. 

Bronchiodilators

1. Hung CH, Chu DM, Wang CL, Yang KD. Hypokalemia and salbutamol therapy in asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1999 Jan; 27(1):27-31.
2. Udezue E, D'Souza L, Mahajan M. Hypokalemia after normal doses of nebulized albuterol (salbutamol). Am J Emerg Med. 1995 Mar; 13(2):168-71.  

Calcium Channel Blockers

1. Pelton R. LaValle JB. The Quick Reference Guide to Nutrient Losses. In: The Nutritional Cost of Prescription Drugs.2nd Edition Englewood, CO: Morton Publishing Company; 2004, 15. 

Estrogens (HRT)

1. Pelton R. LaValle JB. Drugs and their effect on nutrition. In: The Nutritional Cost of Prescription Drugs.2nd Edition Englewood, CO: Morton Publishing Company; 2004, 73

H-2 Blockers

1. Pelton R. LaValle JB. Drugs and Their Effects on Nutrition. In: The Nutritional Cost of Prescription Drugs.2nd Edition Englewood, CO: Morton Publishing Company; 2004, 81-82.
2. Aymard JP, Aymard B, Netter P, et al. Haematological adverse affects of histamine H2-receptor antagonists. Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp 1988 Nov-Dec; 3:430-48.
3. Ruscin JM, Page RL 2nd, Valuck RJ. Vitamin B¬12 deficiency associated with histamine (2)--receptor antagonists and a proton-pump inhibitor. Ann Pharmacother. 2002 May;36(5):812-6. 

NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

1. Sorenson JRJ. Copper chelates as possible active forms of the antiarthritic agents. J Medicinal Chem 1976;19:135-48.
2. Somova L, Zaharieva S, Ivanova M. Humoral factors involved in the regulation of sodium-fluid balance in normal man. II. Effects of indomethacin on sodium concentration, renal prostaglandins, vasopressin and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg 1984;10:29-33.

HIV Antivirals 

1. Baum MK, Javier JJ, Mantero-Atienza E, et al. Zidovudine-associated adverse reactions in a longitudinal study of asymptomatic HIV-1-infected homosexual males. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1991; 4(12):1218-26.
2. Paltiel O, Falutz J, Veilleux M, et al. Clinical correlates of subnormal vitamin B12 levels in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Hematol. 1995 Aug; 49(4):318-22.

Lipid Lowering Agents 

1. Mortensen SA, Leth A, Agner E, Rhode M. Dose-related decrease of serum coenzyme Q10 during treatment with MG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Mol Aspects Med 1997; 18(suppl):S137-44.
2. Bargossi AM, Grossi G, Fiorella PL, et al. Exogenous CoQ10 supplementation prevents plasma ubiquinone reduction induced by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Mol Aspects Med 1994;15(suppl):s187-93.
3. Langsjoen PH, Langsjoen, AM. The clinical use of HMG CoA-reductase inhibitors and the associated depletion of coenzyme Q10. A review of animal and human publications. Biofactors 2003;18 (1-4); 101-11. 

NSAIDs

1. Pelton R, LaValle J. The Nutritional Cost of Prescription Drugs. Englewood, CO: Morton Publishing Company; 2000:6.
2. Baggott JE, Morgan SL, Ha T, et al. Inhibition of folate-dependant enzymes by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Biochem J 1992;282:197-202
3. Bjarnason I, Macpherson AJ. Intestinal toxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Pharmacol Ther 1994;62:145-57. 

Oral Contraceptives 

1. Thorp VJ. Effect of oral contraceptive agents on vitamin and mineral requirements. J Am Diet Assoc. 1980 Jun;76(6) :581-4.
2. Hameed A, Majeed T, Rauf S, et al. Effect of oral and injectable contraceptives on serum calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in women. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabab 2001 Jul-Sep;13(3):24-5.
3. Newhouse IJ, Clement DB, Lai C. Effect of iron supplementation and discontinuation on serum copper, zinc, calcium, and magnesium levels. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993 May;25(5):562-71. 

Osteoporosis Medications

1. Covington T, ed. Nonprescription Drug Therapy Guiding Patient Self-Care. St Louis, MO: Facts and Comparisons; 1999:467-545.
2. O'Doherty DP, Gertz BJ, Tindale W, et al. Effects of five daily 1 h infusions of alendronate on Paget's disease of bone. J Bone Miner Res. 1992;7(1):81-87.

Proton Pump Inhibitors

1. Pelton R. LaValle JB. . Drugs and Their Effects on Nutrition. In: The Nutritional Cost of Prescription Drugs.2nd Edition Englewood, CO: Morton Publishing Company; 2004, 82-83.
2. Marcuard SP, Albernax L, Khaanie PG. Omeprazole therapy causes malabsorption of cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12). Ann Intern Med 1994;120:211-15.
3. Termanini B, Gibril F, Sutliff VE, et al. Effect of long-term gastric acid suppressive therapy on serum vitamin B12 levels in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Am J Med 1998;104:422-30. 

Synthetic Thyroid

1. Kung AWC, Pun KK. Bone mineral density in premenopausal women receiving long-term physiological doses of levothyroxine. JAMA 1991;265:2688-2691.
2. Schneider DL, Barrett-Connor EL, Morton DJ. Thyroid hormone use and bone mineral density in elderly men. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:2005-2007.
3. Franklyn JA, Betteridge J, Daykin J, et al. Long-term thyroxine treatment and bone mineral density. Lancet. 1992;340:9-13.